Asia Pacific Journal of Educational Research, Secondary Education Institute

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2014 Vol 29 No.0

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머뭄과 떠돎의 변증법

정학섭
한국 사상의 현대적 해석: 이동인 교수의 율곡 사상 연구

최석만 , 박수호
Life and Thoughts of Yulgok in Reference to His Work Kyokmongyogyol
『격몽요결(擊蒙要訣)』을 통해 본 율곡의 사상과 생애

이동인 Yi Dong-in

Complementarity of morality and economy in Yulgok’s philosophy
율곡철학에 있어서 ‘도덕’과 ‘경제’의 상함성(相涵性)

황의동 Hwang Eui-dong

The Theory of Contrivance in I-Ching and Yulgok’s thoughts on Reform
『주역』의 변통론과 율곡의 개혁사상

이선경 Yi Suhn Gyohng

The Cultivative Study of Heart and the Culture of Conheartism: Focused on Yul-Gok’s On the Secret of Expelling Ignorance(Gyeogmongyogeol)
율곡의 마음공부와 합심주의 문화: 『격몽요결』의 마음 용례 분석을 중심으로

유승무 Ryu Seung-moo , 박수호 Park Su-ho , 신종화 Shin Jong-hwa , 이민정 Lee Min-jeong

The East Asian Thoughts and the Essence of the Crisis of the Modern Education
동양사상과 현대교육 위기의 본질

홍승표 Hong Seung Pyo

The Post-modern Implications of Confucious an Educational ideal
공자의 교육적 인간상과 탈현대적 함의

이현지 Lee Hyun-ji , 박수호 Park Su-ho

Chop-chop culture in Chosun society
조선사회의 ‘빨리빨리’ 문화

정성원 Jung Sung-won , 이영민 Lee Young-min , 김옥진 Kim Ock-jin

The recognition of women of the Confucian scholar in late-Choseon dynasty: focused on Dasan Jeong Yak Yong’s family(家) consciousness
조선후기 유학자의 여성인식: 다산 정약용의 가(家)의식을 중심으로

박미해 Park Mee Hae

Body in a High-Tech Age(2): Techno-Biopower Approach to Post-Body
고도 기술시대의 몸(2): 포스트휴먼 신체론

김남옥 Kim Nam-og , 김문조 Kim Mun Cho

The Cultual-Linguistic Habits of Confucianism and Its Phenomenon of Power: Centered on Cultural Power of 'Honorific-humble Language System'
유교의 문화·언어 습속과 권력 현상: 존·비어체계의 ‘문화적’ 권력성을 중심으로

송재룡 Song Jae-ryong

Border Between Consciousness of Duty and Lack of Virtue: Searching for Traditional Cord in Korean Political Culture
책무(責務)의식과 박덕(薄德)의 경계: 한국 정치문화의 전통 코드(Cord) 탐색

윤대식 Youn Dae-shik

Zero-Philosophy tradition of Japan and it’s modern-day appearance
무사상(無思想)이라는 일본 사회사상의 전통과 그 현대적 전개

강문원 Kang Moon-won , 류영진 Ryu Young-jin

The Significance of『Chunbukyung』on Religious Sociology and the History of Social Thoughts
『천부경(天符經)』의 종교사회학 및 사회사상사적 의의

김재범 Kim Jaebum

The changes of religious field and the social awareness in the transition period to modern times
근대전환기 종교영역의 변화와 사회인식: 기독교의 수용과 성장을 중심으로

이명호 Lee Myoung-ho

Beauty of Bulguksa through the Synchronicity
동시성으로 본 불국사의 미

문정필 Moon Jung-pil

[10540] 경기도 고양시 덕양구 항공대학로 76, 항공대학교 본관 514호 우 실 하 교수연구실

Copyright The Association Of East Asian Social Thoughts

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머뭄과 떠돎의 변증법

정학섭

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 1-8, 2014

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한국 사상의 현대적 해석: 이동인 교수의 율곡 사상 연구

최석만 , 박수호

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 9-21, 2014

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Life and Thoughts of Yulgok in Reference to His Work Kyokmongyogyol
『격몽요결(擊蒙要訣)』을 통해 본 율곡의 사상과 생애

이동인 Yi Dong-in

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 23-50, 2014

Kyokmongyogyol is not only a textbook intended to introduce students to the scholarly world, but also a text the principles of which Yulgok followed throughout his life. The social obligation of sonbi(士) as pronounced in the work, the proper relation to parents and siblings, the moral of envisaging and accepting poverty instead of evading it, and being righteous even when totally alone are among items which are proclaimed and followed by Yulgok himself. His goal was, of course, to develop and enlighten himself to the perfection, that is, to the level of a sage.

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Complementarity of morality and economy in Yulgok’s philosophy
율곡철학에 있어서 ‘도덕’과 ‘경제’의 상함성(相涵性)

황의동 Hwang Eui-dong

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 51-73, 2014

Confucianism puts much emphasis on moral and economic values. Inheriting the tradition, Yulgok(栗谷) recognized that morality and economy supplement each other. He thought morality without economy as well as economy without morality is incomplete. This idea is from his I-Gi-Ji-Myo(理氣之妙) philosophy and the whole-person theory. Yulgok suggested “Deuk-Joong-Hap-Ui(得中合宜) theory” in his < Shi-Pye-Chil-Jo-Chek(時弊七條策) >. His understanding was that right and wrong, and useful and harmful should be balanced. If you are obsessed with right and wrong, you may forget what is actually useful and harmful, while if you try to judge useful and harmful too much, you may forget what is right and wrong. Everyone pursues what is useful and right. Yulgok tried to address the issue by using circumstantial logic. He explained, in other words, if anything is moderate and reasonable, there exist usefulness and rightness in it. And as for politics, he acknowledged that feeding the people and enlightening them should be harmonized. His idea was that true politics should balance economic abundance and moral justice. Such ideas have significant values even in the modern society.

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The Theory of Contrivance in I-Ching and Yulgok’s thoughts on Reform
『주역』의 변통론과 율곡의 개혁사상

이선경 Yi Suhn Gyohng

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 75-105, 2014

This paper explores the theoretical grounds of Yulgok’s thoughts on social reform from the perspective of I-Ching. Yulgok’s view on reform is based on the theory of contrivance in I-Ching. In particular, the ways in which 義and 利 complement each other represent the core of I-Ching’s philosophy. In this respect, I turn to the theory of contrivance in I-Ching in explicating the objective and the methodology of Yulgok’s social reform, and the problem as to who should be the main body of the reformation in his theory. What he eventually aims to achieve via the social reform is the realization of the rule of right[王道]. This is reminiscent of the fact that the objective of contrivance in I-Ching is the realization of the Way[道]. In I-Ching, the Way is described as the activity that vitalizes everything through the interaction of Yin[陰] and Yang[陽], which amounts to the way in which four seasons constantly interact to one another to yield benefits. This illustrates that the benefit and the Way are not in conflict. The methodology of Yulgok’s view on reform is characterized as the gradualism and the complementarity of the rightousness[義] and the benefit[利]. These characteristics are grounded upon the idea of QianKunYinYang[乾坤陰陽]. According to QianGua[乾卦], the benefit is considered to harmonize with the rightousness. In Great Appendix, the benefit refers to a complementary whole of virtues and deeds. Yulgok thinks that the success of social reform depends on the ruler’s will and how he or she appoints and manages talented people. This is similar to the how the theory of contrivance is modeled after the seasonal change in the universe, and how a sage actualizes such a model in real life in the theory of Samjae[三才]. From the aforementioned observations, I argue that there are sufficient grounds to think that the theoretical basis of Yulgok’s thoughts on social reform can be found in the theory of contrivance in I-Ching.

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The Cultivative Study of Heart and the Culture of Conheartism: Focused on Yul-Gok’s On the Secret of Expelling Ignorance(Gyeogmongyogeol)
율곡의 마음공부와 합심주의 문화: 『격몽요결』의 마음 용례 분석을 중심으로

유승무 Ryu Seung-moo , 박수호 Park Su-ho , 신종화 Shin Jong-hwa , 이민정 Lee Min-jeong

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 107-145, 2014

The purpose of this paper is to look into the foundation of Confucian thoughts on the culture of conheartism and its mechanism. For this, we argues that Yul-Gok’s thought on heart is not to analytically dissolve the components of heart, but to totally recognize their combinational relations. At the same time, his writings provide us to important intellectual resources for understanding the culture of conheartism in that they contributed to build Neo-Confucian social order since the middle of Chosun Dynasty. In this paper the authors intend to do emprical and theoretical exploration for understanding the culture of conheartism in a way of analyzing the textual usages of ‘heart’(心) in On the Secret of Expelling Ignorance(Gyeogmongyogeol) which contains the cores of Yul-Gok’s thought on heart and the cultivative study of heart. This paper summarizes, first, Yul-Gok’s thought on heart and the cultivative study of heart representing as Gibal-Yiseung and geukGi-bokYe and second, the theory of cultivation in general. Also the paper draws out the objects of conheartism in the sixteenth century of Chosun Dynasty with a brief introduction of the historical conditions of Chosun society. As a result of the historical reading of the text, some types of conheartism are suggested: conheart with the saints and true heart, conheart and turnaway from conheart with a moral standard and courtesy, conheart wit family, conheart with others, and so forth. We assert that with this research that the themes, like the object of conheart and the methodological concretization, and the possibility of internal turnaway from conheart, would be more clarified. Additionally, the possible theoretical construction of the process of conheart and internal impetus toward conheart are newly suggested for the themes in conheartism.

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The East Asian Thoughts and the Essence of the Crisis of the Modern Education
동양사상과 현대교육 위기의 본질

홍승표 Hong Seung Pyo

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 147-167, 2014

The modern education meets serious crisis. The essence of the crisis of the modern education is that the education practiced is against the stream of the time. This is the end of modern era and at the same time the beginning of post-modern era. The requirement of the time is to construct the post-modern civilization. In the area of education too, we should concentrate power in cultivate the post-modern person of talent. But the modern education is fixated to the modern view of world, and practiced against to the require of the time. As the results of automation, the social demand for laborer is sharply decreasing, but the modern education is more concentrated on cultivating laborer. The time requires the education developing the spirituality of educatee, but the modern education is more concentrated on cultivating the reason of educatee. The eucation against the require of the time like this is the essence of the crisis of the modern education. The fundamental transition of the goal and the contents of education should be accomplished for education getting out of the self-alienation. The traditional education practiced in the East Asia has fluent implications in exploring the future education.

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The Post-modern Implications of Confucious an Educational ideal
공자의 교육적 인간상과 탈현대적 함의

이현지 Lee Hyun-ji , 박수호 Park Su-ho

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 169-196, 2014

It became long time that social consensus of educational crisis has formed in Korea. Concern and investment to education has increased. But satisfaction to education has fallen and discontents to education has heightened. What is the reason that more educational problems are arisen in spite of higher concern and more investment to education? In this paper, we focus on the old view of education which can not meet the requirement of the time as the fundamental cause of the current educational problems. As the results, today’s education is faced with the serious crisis. The current states of educational crisis are as follows. First, the modern education loose the educational goal. Second, the educational spot is been destructing. Third, the educational view of human being is distorted. In this paper, we will look for Confucious view of education to find the answer of modern educational crisis. We will describe Confucious view of education as educational goal, educational principle, and educational methods. Next, we will explain Confucious educational view of human being as human being becoming one with tao, human being recovering courtesy, and sympathizing human being. Finally, we will explore the post-modern implications of Confucious educational view of human being.

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Chop-chop culture in Chosun society
조선사회의 ‘빨리빨리’ 문화

정성원 Jung Sung-won , 이영민 Lee Young-min , 김옥진 Kim Ock-jin

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 197-226, 2014

An action to make our future earlier, i.e. obsession with realization of future is habituated and it seems to control our lives. Such a habit can be defined as ‘chop-chop culture’, and then we would ask “Is it a custom of longstanding, that is, were people of Chosun society so impetuous?” This paper aims to investigate how time-speed-acceleration that is created by a strong sense of rivalry had encouraged ‘chop-chop culture’ and how to affect a personal psychology. We have three questions: First, how did obsession with time management of study affect punctual daily Chosun society's hours, life time, historical and social time? We may find the source of ‘chop-chop culture’. Second, why obsession with time management is accelerated? We can describe the progress of formation of ‘chop-chop culture’. Last, we will ask whether the direction of acceleration is linear or circular. We may conclude that the acceleration is not a index of advancement/development.

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The recognition of women of the Confucian scholar in late-Choseon dynasty: focused on Dasan Jeong Yak Yong’s family(家) consciousness
조선후기 유학자의 여성인식: 다산 정약용의 가(家)의식을 중심으로

박미해 Park Mee Hae

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 227-255, 2014

This article examined how by Jeong Yak Yong, a famous scholar in late-Choseon dynasty, recognized women. First of all, we examined how his wife, sister-in-law, step-mother, then daughter-in-law were recognized. Later, we examined how lower-class women who did not belong to his family -an old woman, former entertainer, maid, diver, and a blind person- was examined. Absolute supportive admiration went to Jeong's wife, his elder brother’s wife, and step-mother who contributed to the Jeong family’s survival. However, Jeong paid strict attention to his daughter-in-laws because he thought they were responsible for the next generation of the Jeong family. On the other hand, he showed very warm sympathy toward lower-class women who did not belong to his family. The way he recognized women was focused on his consciousness women's role to succeed his family, based on persistence and prosperity. Jeong recognized that women’s role in a family was important as a facilitator and mediator which can lead to harmonious relationship among kin. The similarity between Jeong and Confucian scholars of the 18th century is the fact that their recognition of women was based on the goal of succeeding the paternal lineage. However, Jeong was aware of the harmonious relations between the male leader and the female follower in governing the family and kin. Jeong did his best as a father and husband in practicing his role within a family. Therefore, unlike ideological Confucian scholars of the 17th century, Jeong not only stressed the harmonious relationship between the husband and wife, but also performed his role according to Confucian ethics. The case of Jeong cast the implication of late-Choseon patriarchy in the Yangban family.

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Body in a High-Tech Age(2): Techno-Biopower Approach to Post-Body
고도 기술시대의 몸(2): 포스트휴먼 신체론

김남옥 Kim Nam-og , 김문조 Kim Mun Cho

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 257-284, 2014

Various advanced technologies of today such as IT, BT, NT and CT are gearing toward an open system characterized by being mixed, altered and reformed rather than existing individually or independently. In such a current, our body is being reduced to the system of information subject to a series of (re)constructing processes of decoding-recoding. In short, human body is now considered as the changeable entity where constant revision, renovation, transformation, augmentation and creation actively take place. Cells extracted from our body are being collected and patented only to be turned into the product that can be bought and sold. This implies that our body is being vested in the dynamics of information technology system closely related with the development of capitalism. Thus, this article seeks to 1) provide a brief overview of technological drivers that lead us to the Post-Human Age, 2) assess the construal aspect of post-body being subject to the constant modification, 3) detect the characteristics of post-body based on the concepts of cyborg and wormhole, 4) reconsider the key issues in light of techno-biopower paradigm and 5) explore the route of the politics of body in a high-tech society.

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The Cultual-Linguistic Habits of Confucianism and Its Phenomenon of Power: Centered on Cultural Power of 'Honorific-humble Language System'
유교의 문화·언어 습속과 권력 현상: 존·비어체계의 ‘문화적’ 권력성을 중심으로

송재룡 Song Jae-ryong

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 285-314, 2014

The relationship of religion to social progress is not unidirectional. On the one hand, we observe the relationship follows in accordance with what Max Weber's thesis of ‘Protestant Ethic’ presumes. However, the reverse is the case, on the other. The same is true of the functional implications of what Confucianism relates to Korean society. Despite all the criticism on the premodern traits of Confucianism in the East Asian background, the Confucian ideology has historically had a profound effect on the formation of culture of practical norms in Korean society. However, the honorific-humble language structure, which comprises the domination related hierarchical ranking system, permeates the Confucian norm system. The honorific- humble language system expresses the hierarchical ranking structure in ordinary life circumstances by differentiating the form of sentences depending upon mode of appellation based on the hierarchical ranking, so that it internalizes and reproduces the power relation structure of oppression and discrimination. A cultural-linguistic approach to this enables us to understand the deep structure of Confucian ‘cultural power’ which permeates microscopically but affects obstinately Korean society. This insight leads the sociology of religion and culture to the need for in-depth investigations of the cultural-emotional influences of Confucianism as a religion.

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Border Between Consciousness of Duty and Lack of Virtue: Searching for Traditional Cord in Korean Political Culture
책무(責務)의식과 박덕(薄德)의 경계: 한국 정치문화의 전통 코드(Cord) 탐색

윤대식 Youn Dae-shik

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 315-355, 2014

Our current problems spring from missing in self-identity who we should be. That may be outcome caused apathy and absence of history. So the clue of answer are rational and irrational motives of history from past to now. Especially it may be searching for consciousness of duty cord as an irrational motive. We can see some characters as typical cases, such as Choi Young, Chung Mong-joo, Chung Do-jeon, Cho Jun, Six Dead Loyalists and Shin Suk-joo. They had something in common. Those were justice and impartiality whether they conserved his own political regime or renovated. Those were not private motive but only honorous shame seemed to be lack of virtue.

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Zero-Philosophy tradition of Japan and it’s modern-day appearance
무사상(無思想)이라는 일본 사회사상의 전통과 그 현대적 전개

강문원 Kang Moon-won , 류영진 Ryu Young-jin

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 357-387, 2014

The Japanese philosophy is often described by the term of no(or zero) philosophy. This study discerns three distinct sources of this zero-philosophy tradition. Firstly, there is a view that this tradition is rooted in Japanese religion Shindo, secondly, some Contend that this tradition is related with geographical position of Japan sited afar from China or USA. Thirdly, there are arguments in Japan that this tradition is rational result of Japanese realism, according to which a social philosophy must serve for the welfare and happiness of people. In their arguments and explanations of the post-modernism in Japan, the writings and activities of so-called Internet Right Wings, some Japanese scholars implicitly assume and show attitudes that a social philosophy is, or must be, something which can be easily changed and something which can enhance the happiness of people. In these respects, it seems that Japanese tradition of zero-philosophy plays a strong role in modern day lives of the Japanese.

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The Significance of『Chunbukyung』on Religious Sociology and the History of Social Thoughts
『천부경(天符經)』의 종교사회학 및 사회사상사적 의의

김재범 Kim Jaebum

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 389-430, 2014

Due to the lack of historical evidence concerning Chunbukyung, there is a controversy on the validity of Chunbukyung. However, in the viewpoint of Religious Sociology, it is more important that many followers of Korean national religions still believe in Chunbukyung as the most sacred and oldest canon in the world. In the perspective of the history of social thoughts, Chunbukyung's importance is not in its historical validity, but rather, in the way it is representative of traditional Korean thought. When compared to other schools of thought, Chunbukyung can bring a new perspective to other established philosophies. The most essential message of Chunbuykyung is from the first and last phrases. These two phrases best describe One(Han)'s meaning. The idea that being is nothing is the ontological, epistemological, and axiological basis of the Han thought. The first phrase - Il Shi Mu Shi Il(一始無始一), which means if One begins no beginning, the no beginning itself is One. The last phrase - Il Jong Mu Jong Il(一終無終一), means One if the end of all, and there is no ending to the One. In Chunbukyung, One is the first and last true being and substance of the universe. When we say there is nothing, there is still “nothing” that exists. Therefore, nothing is the first One thing that exists. So, nothing(없음, 無) is One(하나, 一), and one(하나, 一) is being(있음, 有.) These ideas are the core characteristics of Han thought (Korean traditional thought). Chunbukyung's ideas are a good representation of Han thought. Compared to dualism, good vs evil, being vs nothing, beginning and ending, Chunbukyung is a monism way of thought that can overcome dualism. Instead of viewing history as a timeline that begins and ends, Chunbukyung allows us to view history as a cycle. Many current world conflicts are the result of dualism, labeling ourselves “good,” while labeling the other “evil.” Chunbukyung's monism can overcome dualism and provide a way for us to live in peace and harmony as One.

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The changes of religious field and the social awareness in the transition period to modern times
근대전환기 종교영역의 변화와 사회인식: 기독교의 수용과 성장을 중심으로

이명호 Lee Myoung-ho

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 431-475, 2014

Christian‘s strong influence in today's Korea is very unusual phenomenon, that do not find in other third world countries. Religion's field does not change dramatically, due to the nature of the area of religion. And Confucianism and Buddhism exist in Korea and it is also very unusual. In this paper, I described that these unusual phenomena is resulted from modern transition experience of South Korea. First, it is analyzed the response of Confucianism and Buddhism to modern transition experience. Second, the acceptance process of Catholic and Protestant summarize. And then, by summarizing the social awareness of Korean Christians and Missionaries in the transition period to modern times, this paper is investigated to find the reason that Christianity rapidly settled in Korean community. In that time, the religious restraint policy was abolished. So Buddhism could begin to missionary works. But, in the Open Port Period, Modern-oriented reforms failed due to the lack of internal capacity and the colonial experience. On the other hand, Protestants was obtained positive images due to the base of external support and the extraterritorial status. Many Korean people had experienced the Health care and Education provided by the Protestant. And the Modern was identified with Christianity. These points mean that Christianity was accepted as not the Religion but the Measure to solve social problems. Then, evangelical missionaries were also allows it. These changes and the environment were contributed to the expansion of the Christianity, and the today's religious environment is similar to that environment.

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Beauty of Bulguksa through the Synchronicity
동시성으로 본 불국사의 미

문정필 Moon Jung-pil

DOI: JANTVol.29(No.0) 477-512, 2014

Although it is a Buddhist temple full of oriental sentiment, Bulguksa highly attracts young people and foreigners who have great emotional tendencies. This is because instant radiation of sensible beauty by abundant material volume through visual sensation from the first impression of Bulguksa and then time and space recognition through composition of materials by visual perception afterward reveals intellectual beauty of harmonization which is gradually continuous with nature. For this, Bulguksa needs to analyzed as the simultaneity of time and space beyond materials. Synchronicity means coincidence of space and time, and this study tries to newly analyze aesthetics of Bulguksa by approximating space-time cognitive system of oriental Confucianism, Buddhism and Zen ideas to theoretical background of A. Einstein, C. G. Jung, and H. L. Bergson. Therefore, this dissertation aims at recognizing Bulguksa upon socio ideological value of modern beauty by analyzing it with abundant ideas of complementarity by combining oriental and western synchronicity.